Reproof for Ascribing a Son and Partner to Allah
There is no greater, more serious, graver lie in human history than ascribing a son and partner to Allah, Exalted is He. Indeed, human beings go extremely beyond the proper limit by saying such a false claim without any proof, or evidence except their corrupt comparison. They compare themselves with Allah, Exalted is He. They do not understand the great difference between the weak created being, needing a son, and partner, and the Creator, who is in no need of a son, or partner. Indeed, Allah is Self-Sufficient and far above having any partner or son.
(What! Has your Lord chosen sons for you, and made the angles His daughters? Indeed, you utter a grave statement.
Indeed, We have diversely clarified things in this Quran for people that they may be admonished, but it increases them only aversion.
Say, ‘If there had been other gods besides Allah, as they say, then they would seek to find out a way, leading to the Lord of the Throne.’
Glory and Highness belong to Him! He is high above what they say!
The seven heavens, the earth, and all that is in them glorify Him. There is not a thing but glorifies Him, but you do not understand their glorification. Indeed, He is ever All-Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving.) [Quran Surah al-Isra: 40-44]
Relationship with the Previous Part
After warning of worshipping other gods besides Allah, the ayat refer to the ignorance of whoever ascribes a son or partner to Allah, Exalted is He. The ayat reproof the disbelievers, who ascribe a son to Allah. They have chosen the male for themselves, though they know their impotence and weakness, and they have ascribed daughters to Allah, Exalted is He, despite their knowledge that Allah is perfect, and glorious.
Then the ayat mention that Allah has given many different examples in the Quran so that people may be admonished. These examples present clear proofs, confirming that it is impossible that Allah, Exalted is He, would have a son, or partner. Rather, all that exist in the universe glorify Allah, and are under His control.
Tafsir
(What! Has your Lord chosen sons for you, and made the angles His daughters? Indeed, you utter a grave statement.) [40]
O disbelievers! Has Allah, your Lord, chosen male offspring for you, and made the angels His female offspring. You do not accept such thing for yourselves. If you beget female offspring, you kill them. It is far from wisdom to attribute to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, what His slaves hate and are ashamed of for themselves.
In other words, the ayah negates that Allah has chosen female offspring for Himself, and chosen male offspring for the disbelievers. He is far above of what the disbelievers ascribe to Him.
(Indeed, you utter a grave statement.)
Indeed, ascribing female offspring to Allah by the disbelievers is a grave statement that their corrupt understanding produced.
Allah says, interpretation of meaning,
They say, ‘The All-Merciful has a child.’ Indeed, you have said an atrocious thing. The heavens are about to burst therefrom, the earth to split asunder, and the mountains to crumble to pieces. That they have ascribed a child to the All-Merciful. It does not befit the All-Merciful to have a child. None is there in the heavens and the earth but he comes before the All-Merciful as a slave. [Quran Surah Maryam: 88-93]
Then the ayat mention that the Quran that Allah revealed to His Prophet Muhammadﷺ contains guidance.
(Indeed, We have diversely clarified things in this Quran for people that they may be admonished, but it increases them only aversion.) [41]
Indeed, Allah has diversely clarified many kinds of proofs, and examples e.g. promises, warnings, stories, and news, in the Quran for people to admonish them, learn lessons therefrom, and become certain that Allah has revealed this Quran to guide them to the right path, leading to Paradise.
(…but it increases them only aversion.)
Instead of following the guidance of the Quran, the disbelievers insist on disbelief and favor misguidance over guidance. They avoid the Quran because of their stubbornness.
Then Allah, Exalted is He, commanded His Messengerﷺ to censure the disbelievers for worshipping other gods besides Allah, informing them of clear evidence of their corrupt minds.
(Say, ‘If there had been other gods besides Allah, as they say, then they would seek to find out a way, leading to the Lord of the Throne.’)[42]
(Glory and Highness belong to Him! He is high above what they say!)[43]
O Messenger! Inform the disbelievers, who worship other gods besides Allah, that if there had been any gods besides Allah, as they claim, these gods would seek to find out a means and way, leading to Allah in order to contend with Him for sharing His kingdom with Him, just as partners do.
Allah says, interpretation of meaning,
(Had there been deities other than Allah in the heavens and earth, they would have been in a state of disorder. Then, glory belongs to Allah, the Lord of the Throne! He is High above what they allege.)[Q 21:22]
Then, Allah, Exalted is He, says that He is far above what the disbelievers claim.
(Glory and Highness belong to Him! He is high above what they say!)
Allah, Exalted is He, is far above what the disbelievers claim as He has never a son, nor partner. Allah says, interpretation of meaning,
(Say, ‘He is Allah, the One; Allah is the Owner of all perfection. He neither begot anyone, nor was He begotten, and there is none equal to Him.’) [Q 112: 1-4]
Then the ayat mention that all created beings glorify and praise Allah.
(The seven heavens, the earth, and all that is in them glorify Him. There is not a thing but glorifies Him, but you do not understand their glorification. Indeed, He is ever All-Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving.) [44]
Glory is to Allah. The seven heavens, the earth, and all that is in them glorify and praise Allah. There is no created being in the universe but glorifies Allah, but human beings do not understand their glorification.
Indeed, this ayah makes the souls fear Allah as it explicitly states that every non-living thing, animals, birds, insects, and whatever being in the universe glorifies and praises Allah, Exalted is He. This clear statement must make every prudent man obey Allah, and sincerely worship Him.
(Indeed, He is ever All-Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving.)
Indeed, Allah is ever forbearing and forgiving. He does not swiftly punish the sinners; rather, He gives them opportunities to repent and amend their mistakes. He also forgives the sins of whoever repents, and then does righteous deeds.
Learned Lessons
• Ascribing offspring to Allah, and claiming that the angles are the daughters of Allah is a grave sin. Allah, Exalted is He, is far above having offspring.
• Despite the fact that the Quran contains clear evidence and proofs, denoting the Oneness of Allah, the disbelievers increase in their stubbornness, and avoidance of the right path because of their deviant understanding.
• Had there been other gods besides Allah, as the disbelievers claim, these gods would seek to find out a means, leading to Allah, the Lord of the Throne, to contend with Him for sharing His kingdom with Him, just as partners usually do.
• Everything in the universe, living, or non-living, glorifies and praises Allah, but human beings do not understand their glorification and praises.
• Allah is forbearing so He does not punish the wrongdoers immediately; rather, He gives them chances to repent and amend their mistakes. He is also forgiving, and He forgives the sins of the sinners if they acknowledge their sins, repent, and do righteous deeds.
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