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The main theme of surah Ibrahim is demonstrating that the duty of the messengers of Allah is to bring people out of the darknesses of disbelief in Allah into the light of belief in the Oneness of Allah, Exalted be He. Moreover, it strongly threatens the disbelievers with severe punishment for their disbelief in the Oneness of Allah.
The beginning of surah Ibrahim refers to the role of the Quran, some aspects denoting the ability of Allah, and the evil end of the disbelievers.
Alif, Lam, Ra. This is a Book, which We have revealed to you that you might bring people out of darknesses into the light, by the permission of their Lord, leading them to the path of the All-Mighty, the Praiseworthy. [Quran Surah Ibrahim 14: 1]
Allah is the One to whom belongs what is in the heavens and what is in the earth. Woe to the disbelievers, for them, there will be severe torment. [Quran Surah Ibrahim:2]
We did not send any messenger but he spoke the language of his people so that he would clarify for them. Then Allah lets go astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise. [Quran Surah Ibrahim 14: 4]
Then the surah mentions some of the story of Moses with his people, news of some former messengers of Allah, and some conversations that took place between the messengers of Allah and their people.
Indeed, We sent Moses with Our proofs, saying, ‘Bring your people out of darknesses into the light and remind them of the Days of Allah.’ Surely in that are proofs for every patient, thankful one. [Quran Surah Ibrahim: 5]
The surah then presents an example representing the deeds of the disbelievers and narrates what Satan will say to them on the Day of Judgment.
The deeds of those who disbelieve in their Lord are like ashes that the wind forcefully blows on a stormy day. They will be unable to avail of anything that they gained. That is the extreme deviation. [Quran Surah Ibrahim: 18]
Satan will say when the matter will have been decided, ‘Indeed, Allah promised you a truthful promise and I too promised you and I broke my promise. I have no authority over you, but that I called you, and you obeyed me. So do not blame me but blame yourselves. I cannot help you, nor can you help me. I deny your worship of me besides Allah in the past. Indeed, for the wrongdoers, there will be severe torment. [Quran Surah Ibrahim:22]
After that, the surah mentions some proofs denoting the Oneness and ability of Allah.
It is Allah, who created the heavens and the earth. He caused water to descend from the sky thereby producing fruits for your sustenance. He subjugated for you the ships, sailing through the sea by His command and He subjugated for you the rivers. [Quran Surah Ibrahim 14:32]
The surah mentions some supplications that Ibrahim invoked Allah, Exalted be He.
Mention when Ibrahim said, ‘O my Lord! Make this city secure and make me and my sons avoid worshipping the idols.’ [Quran Surah Ibrahim 14: 35]
Finally, the surah is concluded with mentioning the punishment that Allah has prepared for the disbelievers in the Hereafter.
Do not think that Allah is unaware of what the wrongdoers do. He only delays them for a day when the eyes will stare in horror. [Quran Surah Ibrhaim:42]
In sum, surah Ibrahim discusses the following points:
• Reminding people of the blessings of Allah and commanding them to thank Allah for His blessings.
• Consoling Messenger Muhammad [peace be upon him] for the abuse that he suffered from the disbelievers by informing him that the former prophets also suffered from the abuse of their people, and telling him that Allah has prepared immense reward for the believers in the Hereafter.
• The surah invites people to believe in the Oneness of Allah and warns of disbelief in the Oneness of Allah by using different methods.
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