Whom is Included in the Command and Prohibition
• The believers, i.e. adult and sane male and female Muslims, are included in Allah’s address, commanding them to or not do things. A forgetting person, children, and the insane are not included in this address.
• The non-Muslims are required to perform practical rules of Islamic Shariah, e.g. the prayer and fasting of Ramadan. However, though the non-Muslims are required to comply with these rules, their performance is invalid unless they testify that there is no god that is worthy of worship but Allah and that Muhammad is His Prophet Messenger. That is because declaring the testimony of faith is a condition for the validity of complying with the rules of Islamic Shariah. If a non-Muslim embraces Islam, s/he is not required to make up for the missed acts of worship.
Is Commanding to Do Something is Prohibition to Do its Opposite?
Commanding to do something is a prohibition doing its opposite. Similarly, prohibiting doing something is a command to its opposite. For example, commanding someone not to move is a command to stop. Similarly, commanding someone to stop is a prohibition to move. Commanding to perform the prayer is a prohibition to do anything that invalidates the prayer, such as eating and drinking during the prayer. Prohibition to steal is a command to do its opposite, such as earning lawful
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