Invoking Allah by Means of His Beautiful Names
Praise is due to Allah, who has the most beautiful names and attributes. It is permissible to invoke Allah by means of any of these names. Messenger Muhammad said, ‘Allah has ninety-nine names. Whoever knows them well will enter Paradise.’
(Say, ‘Invoke Allah, or invoke the Giver of Mercy. By whichever name, you invoke Him, to Him belong the most beautiful names.’ Neither make your recitation loud in the prayer, nor too low, and seek a moderate way between them.
Say, ‘Praise is due to Allah, who has neither a child, nor a partner in His kingdom, nor a supporting ally out of humility. And praise Him greatly.’
[Quran Surah al-Isra: 110-111]
Relationship with the Previous Part
Allah, Exalted is He, confirmed that He revealed the Quran to His Messenger Muhammad, who invited people to believe in the Oneness of Allah. The disbelievers accused Messenger Muhammad of worshipping more than one god as he used to invoke by saying, ‘O Allah! and O the Giver of mercy!’ They thought that these names belonged to more than one god. Thus, Allah mentions that He is One even if He, Exalted is He, has more than one name.
Cause of Revelation
Abdul-Allah bin Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated that (Neither make your recitation loud in the prayer, nor too low, and seek a moderate way between them.) was revealed to Messenger Muhammad in Mecca. He used to recite the Quran loudly when praying secretly with his companions. If it happened that the disbelievers heard him, they would curse the Quran, the One who revealed it, and the one who conveyed it. Thus, Allah, said to Messenger Muhammad, (Neither make your recitation loud in the prayer…), so as the disbelievers would curse the Quran, (nor too low…), so as your companions could not hear your recitation, and (and seek a moderate way between them.).
Tafsir
(Say, ‘Invoke Allah, or invoke the Giver of Mercy. By whichever name, you invoke Him, to Him belong the most beautiful names.’ Neither make your recitation loud in the prayer, nor too low, and seek a moderate way between them.) [110]
O Messenger! Say to the disbelievers, who objected to invoking Allah by means of His name ‘ar-Rahman – the Giver of mercy,’ that whether you say ‘O Allah! or O ar-Rahman’, both are names of Allah, Exalted is He. He has the most beautiful names. Thus, invoke Him by means of any one of His beautiful names. .
(Neither make your recitation loud in the prayer, nor too low, and seek a moderate way between them.)
O Messenger! Neither recite the Quran load in the prayer, so that the disbelievers would curse the Quran, the One who revealed it, and the one who conveys it, nor recite the Quran too low in the prayer so that your companions cannot hear your recitation. Rather, you should recite the Quran with a moderate voice, not too loud nor too low, which is the best manner of recitation.
(Say, ‘Praise is due to Allah, who has neither a child, nor a partner in His kingdom, nor a supporting ally out of humility. And praise Him greatly.’) [111]
O Messenger! Say, ‘Perfect praise is due to Allah. He has no son, as He is the richest and self-sufficient. He owns whatever thing in the heavens and the earth. Allah has no partner in His kingdom. Allah has no supporting ally out of humility; rather, He is the Omnipotent and nothing can overcome Him, Exalted is He.’
Indeed, Allah deserves the greatest praise and glorification. Qatãda said, ‘I have been told that Messenger Muhammad used to teach this ayah to his family, the old and the young ones, (Say, ‘Praise is due to Allah, who has neither a child, nor a partner in His kingdom, nor a supporting ally out of humility. And praise Him greatly.)’
Learned Lessons
• It is permissible to invoke Allah by means of any of His beautiful names, among which are Allah and ar-Rahman ‘the Giver of mercy.
• Recitation of the Quran in the prayer should be in a moderate voice, neither loud, nor too low.
• Allah, Exalted is He, has neither a son, nor a partner in His kingdom, nor a supporting ally out of humility that may befall Him, Exalted is He.
• Allah deserves perfect praise.
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