83:18 No! Indeed, the book of the righteous is in Illiyin;
83:19 and what shall make you realize what Illiyin is?
83:20 It is a register, inscribed,
83:21 witnessed by those brought near.
83:22 Surely, the righteous will be in bliss,
83:23 on couches, gazing;
83:24 you will recognize the brightness of bliss on their faces.
83:25 They will be given to drink of wine, sealed;
83:26 the last thereof is musk; so after that let the strivers strive.
83:27 And it is mixed with Tasnim,
83:28 a spring from which those brought near will drink.
Relationship with the Previous Part
The previous parts speak about those who consume people’s rights unlawfully. It mentions that all their deeds are recorded and that their end will be Hell in the Hereafter, where they will suffer a painful torment. Then this part speaks about the obedient believers, referring to their high rank with Allah in the Hereafter. This is a typical method of the Quranic style, which mentions something and its opposite to contrast them to bring home the intended meaning.
Tafsir
83:18 No! Indeed, the book of the righteous is in Illiyin;
No! The fate of the believers will not be like the end of the wicked. The deeds of the righteous, who obey Allah’s commands and avoid His prohibitions, will be recorded in a book that will be in Illiyin, a very high place. This is in contrast to the evil end of the wicked disbelievers, which will be in the lowest part of Hell, where they suffer a painful torment.
83:19 and what shall make you realize what Illiyin is?
83:20 It is a register, inscribed,
83:21 witnessed by those brought near.
‘What shall make you realize what Illiyin is?’ The interrogation is to magnify the rank of Illiyin.
The book on which the deeds of the righteous is recorded will be in the highest and best place. It is clear and can be read easily. When the righteous read it, they will become happy as their righteous deeds are written on it. The scholars mention the following meanings for Illiyin: 1) It is Paradise. 2) It is a wooden board made of aquamarine and hanged under the Throne of Allah. The deeds of the righteous are written on it. 3) It is a book preserved in the seventh heaven. 4) It is a book that is preserved in the highest place.
After mentioning the opinions of the scholars, Imam Muhammad bin Jarir at-Tabari, may Allah have mercy on him, said, ‘Allah mentions that the book of the deeds of the righteous is preserved in Illiyin, which means a high place. It may be a place in heaven over another heaven; it may be in the seventh heaven… Since there is no authentic narration that clearly says that it means one of the aforementioned meanings, then it should be said as Allah says in the Quran, namely, the book of the deeds of the righteous is preserved in Illiyin, a very high place.
Those who are near to Allah, the angels, witness and see the book of the deeds of the righteous. Their acquaintance with the book is evidence that Allah is pleased with the righteous and that He will honor and reward them greatly.
83:22 Surely, the righteous will be in bliss,
83:23 on couches, gazing;
Surely, the righteous will be in lasting bliss, enjoying the reward Allah prepared for them. They will be reclining on couches that are prepared for them. They will be gazing at what brings delight and joy to their hearts.
83:24 you will recognize the brightness of bliss on their faces.
The brightness and radiance of bliss that the righteous will enjoy in Paradise can be recognized on their faces.
83:25 They will be given to drink of wine, sealed;
83:26 the last thereof is musk; so after that let the strivers strive.
In Paradise, the righteous will be given to drink of wine that is sealed, namely, no hand touches it before the righteous. This wine is excellent and delicious. It is free from intoxicants and whatever thing that may harm the mind.
The taste of the musk will be the last thing that the righteous will find after drinking from the pure, delicious wine of Paradise, which is the best and the sweetest smell.
[…so after that let the strivers strive.]
Strive is to make a great effort to get something. So let the strivers strive to attain such bliss and happiness of Paradise, which Allah has promised to give to the righteous. They should do their best to attain it by obeying Allah’s commands and avoiding His prohibitions.
The intended meaning is to motivate people to do righteous deeds, which will cause them to attain the highest ranks in Paradise.
83:27 And it is mixed with Tasnim,
83:28 a spring from which those brought near will drink.
The pure wine of Paradise will be mixed with Tasnim, i.e. spring in Paradise. Tasnim is a verbal noun of sanamah, i.e. to raise something to a high position. It is called so because it originates from a high place or because of its high rank. In other words, the righteous will be given to drink pure, delicious wine that is mixed with the water of Tasnim. However, those who are close to Allah will drink from Tasnim without mixing it with any other drink.
Learned Lessons from Surah al-Mutaffifin Ayah 18-28
• The deeds of the righteous will be written in a book that will be witnessed by angels, who are close to Allah.
• There is a clear difference between the status of the wicked and the righteous. Lowness, darkness, and misery will be the share of the wicked, while highness, brightness, and happiness will be the share of the righteous.
• Allah, the generous, will reward the righteous the best reward in Paradise.
• In Paradise, the righteous will be reclining on couches, gazing at pleasures that Allah has prepared for them, and enjoying what the eyes have never seen, the ears have never heard of, and the hearts have never thought about.
• Signs of happiness and joy will be seen on the faces of the righteous in Paradise. Their faces will be bright and radiant.
• In Paradise, the righteous will be given to drink of pure, delicious wine that will be mixed from Tasnim spring. The wine does not have any negative effect like the wine of worldly life. It will not intoxicate them.
• The smell of musk will be the last thing that the righteous will find after drinking from the wine of Paradise.
• Those who strive should strive to attain the everlasting bliss of Paradise that Allah has prepared for the righteous.
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