84:16 So, I swear by the twilight,
84:17 and by the night and what it envelops,
84:18 and by the moon when it grows full,
84:19 you will surely travel from state to state.
84:20 Then what is the matter with them that they believe not,
84:21 and when the Quran is recited to them, they prostrate not?
84:22 Rather those who disbelieve deny,
84:23 and Allah knows best what they hide.
84:24 So give them good news of a painful torment,
84:25 save those who believe and do righteous deeds, for them is a reward, never-ending.
Relationship with the Previous Part
The previous part mentions that people will be divided into two parties on the Day of Judgment and it mentions their conditions, namely, happy and miserable ones. This part confirms that the Day of Judgment with the horrors that accompany it will certainly take place by swearing by some obvious signs in the universe, namely, the twilight, the night, and the moon.
Then it mentions some conditions of people, namely, they disbelieve in the occurrence of the Day of Judgment, and they do not comply with the teachings of the glorious Quran out of arrogance. Their recompense will be severe punishment on the Day of Judgment, but those who believe in Allah’s Oneness, worship Him sincerely and perform righteous deeds will be recompensed with a never-ending reward.
Tafsir
84:16 So, I swear by the twilight,
84:17 and by the night and what it envelops,
84:18 and by the moon when it grows full,
Allah, Exalted be He, swears by the twilight that appears when the sun sets, the night that envelops different creatures and wonders that no one knows but Allah, and the moon when it grows full.
Swearing by these things is proof confirming Allah’s perfect ability. That is because these things change from a state to another and from a shape to another. The twilight comes when the sun sets, the night comes after the day, and the moon grows full after it was not so. All these changes are evidence that Allah is able, Exalted be He.
Allah swears by whatever thing of His creatures that He wants, but the created being must only swear by Allah.
84:19 you will surely travel from state to state.
This is the response to the oath. By the twilight, by the night and what it envelops, and by the moon when it grows full, you will surely travel from state to state and condition to another one. You will certainly experience different states and conditions, some of which are more difficult than others. You will surely go through different stages in your life, but the most difficult one will be death and what follows it of resurrection and reckoning on the Day of Judgment.
Abdul Allah bin Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, ‘[84:19 you will surely travel from state to state.] ‘State after state.’ ‘This is for your Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him.’
84:20 Then what is the matter with them that they believe not,
84:21 and when the Quran is recited to them, they prostrate not?
The interrogation is for condemnation and amazement. O noble Messenger Muhammad, if the matter is as it has been mention. The only God deserving worship is Allah; they will certainly be raised after death for reckoning on the Day of Judgment; they will surely be recompensed for all their deeds in the worldly life. Then what is the matter with the disbelievers that they do not believe though all proofs call them to believe? In addition, what is the matter with them that when the Quran is recited to them, they do not prostrate though it is revealed to bring them out of the darkness of disbelief to the light of belief in Allah’s Oneness?
The intended meaning is wondering at the disbelievers’ conditions. Though all proofs confirm Allah’s Oneness and the truthfulness of Messenger Muhammad, they insist on disbelief, arrogance, and stubbornness.
84:22 Rather those who disbelieve deny,
84:23 and Allah knows best what they hide.
There is no valid reason for the disbelievers’ insistence on disbelief in Allah’s Oneness and His Messenger Muhammad after knowing all supporting proofs. Rather, their insistence on denial is because of envy to Messenger Muhammad for the bounty that Allah has given him. They deny the truth out of arrogance and stubbornness. However, Allah, the All-Knowing, knows best what they hide. Allah knows the disbelief and denial the disbelievers hide in their breasts, and the enmity they have for the believers.
84:24 So give them good news of a painful torment,
84:25 save those who believe and do righteous deeds, for them is a reward, never-ending.
Good news is given to tell what brings happiness to the heart. The intended meaning is sarcasm as the ayah promises the disbelievers to suffer a painful torment.
O noble Messenger Muhammad, give the denying disbelievers the news of painful torment on the Day of Judgment for their disbelief and wickedness. But those who believe in Allah’s Oneness, worship Him alone, believe in His Messengers, and perform righteous deeds will have a reward that will never end. Indeed, Allah’s blessings on the believers are countless. He, Exalted be He, deserves sincere worship.
Learned Lessons from Surah al-Inshiqaq Ayah 16-25
• Allah swears by the twilight, the night what it envelops, and the moon when it grows full that the Day of Judgment will certainly take place.
• The disbelievers have no valid excuse for disbelieving in Allah’s Oneness as conclusive proofs confirm that He is the only God who deserves worship.
• Denial, arrogance, and stubbornness are the causes preventing the disbelievers from believing in Allah’s Oneness and complying with the teachings of the Quran.
• Allah is All-Knowing. He knows best of what the disbelievers hide in their breasts.
• The disbelievers are given the news that they will suffer severe punishment in the Hereafter.
• Those who believe in Allah’s Oneness and His Messengers, worship Him sincerely and perform righteous deeds will have a never-ending reward in the Hereafter.
The Holy Quran, Surah al-Inshiqaq, English Translation
The Holy Quran, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Surah al-Inshiqaq
The Noble Quran Surah Hud : Translation and Tafsir
The Noble Quran, Tafsir of Surah al-Mutaffifin Ayah 1-6 Warning to the Defrauders
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