Surah Ash-Shams English Translation and Tafsir Ayah 1-10
91:1 By the sun and its brightness,
91:2 by the moon when it follows it,
91:3 by the day when it reveals it,
91:4 by the night when it covers it,
91:5 by the sky and He Who built it,
91:6 by the earth and He Who spread it,
91:7 and by the soul and He Who proportioned it,
91:8 and then He inspired it to know what is right and wrong for it.
91:9 Successful is indeed he who purifies it,
91:10 And failed has indeed he who corrupts it.
Tafsir
91:1 By the sun and its brightness,
Surah Ash-Shams begins by swearing by beneficial great creatures that have a profound impact on the life of human beings, animals, and plants, as well as denote Allah’s Oneness, perfect ability, and wonderful creation.
Allah, Exalted be He, swears by the sun as it is a great thing that He perfectly created. He also swears by the brightness of the sun as it infuses life into all living things when it rises high on the horizon.
91:2 by the moon when it follows it,
Allah, Exalted be He, swears by the moon when it appears after the setting of the sun. In other words, Allah swears by the moon that brings light to the universe after the sun disappears.
91:3 by the day when it reveals it,
Allah, Exalted be He, swears by the day when it reveals the sun and makes it clear that people can see it easily when the day begins.
91:4 by the night when it covers it,
Allah, Exalted be He, swears by the night when it covers the sun with its darkness so that the night begins.
The alternating appearance of the sun and the moon and the day and the night indicate Allah’s perfect ability. It is also proof against those who claim that this world has two gods, namely, the light and the darkness. It confirms that the true God never disappears and never changes, which confirms that this universe has only one true God, Allah, and that He alone deserves sincere worship.
91:5 by the sky and He Who built it,
Allah, Exalted be He, swears by the sky and the One Who built and created it in the best structure, namely, Allah, Exalted be He.
91:6 by the earth and He Who spread it,
Allah, Exalted be He, swears by the earth that He spread out so that people can live easily on it and He put in it different kinds of resources that benefit people in their lives. He also swears by the One who spread the earth out, namely, Allah, Himself, Exalted be He.
91:7 and by the soul and He Who proportioned it,
91:8 and then He inspired it to know what is right and wrong for it.
Allah swears by the human soul that He created from nothing and proportioned and fashioned in the best form. Allah, the Able, gave it all things that it needs to live in this world. He gave it apparent and hidden senses and made each sense responsible for a specific function. Then He made it able to receive things that can benefit it.
Allah created the human soul and gave it many blessings that can help it to distinguish the truth from falsehood, good from evil, guidance from misguidance, and right from wrong, and know and learn things by using the intellect.
It was narrated that a man who belonged to the tribe of Muzaina or Juhaynah came to Messenger Muhammad. Then he said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, you see that people work and exert themselves. Is it about something preordained or is it about something that their Messenger brought to them and proof emphatically established it? Thus, why do they work? Messenger Muhammad said, ‘Whoever Allah created to attain one of the two positions, namely, be guided or misguided, Allah will make him prepared to attain it. This fact is mentioned in the Quran. Allah says, interpretation of the meaning, [91:7 and by the soul and He Who proportioned it, 91:8 and then He inspired it to know what is right and wrong for it.]
91:9 Successful is indeed he who purifies it,
91:10 And failed has indeed he who corrupts it.
By the sun and its brightness, by the moon that follows the sun, by the soul that Allah created in the best form and made it able to distinguish the path of guidance from the path of misguidance, successful is indeed the one who purifies his soul from sins and failed has indeed the one who corrupts his soul and causes it to lose by sinning and following the path of misguidance.
Allah, Exalted be He, swears by these creatures because they are great things and beneficial to people and other beings to emphasize His Oneness, perfect ability, and wisdom.
Allah swears first by the sun because it is a very great creature, and to indirectly refer to the sublimity of Islam that its lofty guidance resembles the light of the sun that removes whatever darkness.
Qatada, may Allah have mercy on him, said, ‘[91:9 Successful is indeed he who purifies it…] Indeed, whoever purifies himself by performing righteous deeds will be successful.’
Learned Lessons from Surah Ash-Shams Ayah 1-10
• Allah, Exalted be He, swears by some great creatures that whoever purifies his soul by performing righteous deeds will be successful, and whoever corrupts his soul by disobeying Allah’s commands will fail and lose.
• Allah, Exalted be He, swears by those great creatures because they indicate His Oneness and ability so that man will reflect on their amazing creation and know that Allah alone deserves sincere worship.
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