60:12 O Prophet, when believing women come to you, giving you oath of allegiance that they will not worship any god besides Allah, and will neither steal, nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor bring a lie that they have fabricated between their hands and feet, nor disobey you in any just matter, then accept their oath of allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Verily, Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Merciful.
60:13
O you who believe, do not befriend a people against whom Allah is wrathful.
They have despaired of the Hereafter just as the disbelievers have despaired of
the inhabitants of the graves.
Relationship with the
Previous Part
It
was narrated that after Prophet Muhammad [peace be upon him] gave the oath of
allegiance to men on the day of the Conquest, he gave the oath of allegiance to
women while he was at Mount Safa. Umar, who was standing below Messenger
Muhammad, would give the oath of allegiance to the women by the instruction of
Messenger Muhammad, and then convey to Messenger Muhammad the oaths taken by
the women.[1]
Tafsir
60:12
O Prophet, when believing women come to you, giving you oath of allegiance that
they will not worship any god besides Allah, and will neither steal, nor commit
adultery nor kill their children, nor bring a lie that they have fabricated
between their hands and feet, nor disobey you in any just matter, then accept
their oath of allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Verily, Allah is
All-Forgiving, All-Merciful.
O
noble Prophet Muhammad, when believing women come to you seeking to give the
oath of allegiance and to confirm that they have believed in Allah and His
Messenger, then give them the oath of allegiance. Give them the oath of
allegiance upon the condition that they will not worship any god besides Allah;
that they will not steal from people’s property; that they will not commit
adultery; that they will not kill their children; that they will not falsely
attribute to their husbands children who do not belong to them; and that they
will not disobey Messenger Muhammad in any just matter.
“…nor
disobey you in any just matter”
A
just matter refers to every matter that pleases Allah, namely, complying with
what Allah commands and refraining from what Allah commands to avoid.
“And
ask Allah to forgive them. Verily, Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Merciful.”
O
noble Prophet, ask Allah to forgive the sins of those believing emigrant women.
Verily, Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Merciful. Allah forgives the sins of those
who seek His forgiveness, and He bestows His Mercy upon those who repent of
their sins.
It
was reported that Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said, “Messenger
Muhammad used to test the believing emigrant women when they emigrated by
saying, [60:12 O Prophet, when believing women come to you, giving you oath of
allegiance that they will not worship any god besides Allah, and will neither
steal, nor commit adultery nor kill their children,…]. Whoever among the
believing women acknowledged and accepted the purport of the aforementioned
Ayah thereby acknowledged and accepted the test. After the believing women
acknowledged and accepted the purport of the aforementioned Ayah, Messenger
Muhammad would say to them, ‘Go ahead, I have given you the oath of
allegiance.’ By Allah, the hands of Messenger Muhammad had never touched the
hand of any woman. He would only give them the oath of allegiance orally.”[2]
60:13
O you who believe, do not befriend a people against whom Allah is wrathful.
They have despaired of the Hereafter just as the disbelievers have despaired of
the inhabitants of the graves.
O
you who believe, do not befriend a people against whom Allah is wrathful. Do
not befriend the Jews, the Christians, and the disbelievers, as Allah is
wrathful against them. They have despaired of attaining the reward of the
Hereafter just as the disbelievers have despaired of the resurrection of the
inhabitants of the graves.
In
other words, Allah has commanded the believers not to befriend the enemies of
Islam and Muslims among the Jews, the Christians, and the disbelievers. Those
enemies have despaired of attaining the reward of the Hereafter, as they
disbelieve in its occurrence due to their stubbornness, despite the presence of
clear proofs confirming it. They have despaired of the resurrection of the dead
from their graves and deny resurrection after death. Consequently, they have
despaired of attaining the reward of the Hereafter, as they deny that the Day
of Judgment will take place and that people will be raised from their graves
for reckoning on that day.
The
intended meaning is to liken the condition of the Jews in their rejection of
preparation for the Hereafter to that of the disbelievers who deny the
occurrence of the Day of Judgment and deny that people will be raised from
their graves for reckoning on that day.
Learned Lessons from
Surah Al-Mumtahanah Ayah 12–13
- It is prohibited to worship other gods besides Allah,
to steal, to commit adultery, to kill one’s children, to falsely attribute
to husbands children who do not belong to them, and to disobey Allah,
Exalted be He.
- It is prohibited for believers to befriend the enemies
of Islam and Muslims among the Jews, the Christians, and the disbelievers.
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