Friday, November 28, 2025

Tafsir of Surah Al-Mumtahanah, Ayat 1–3 Prohibition of Befriending the Disbelievers

 

Tafsir-of-Surah-Al-Mumtahanah-Prohibition-of-Befriending-the-Disbelievers

60:1 O you who believe, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies, showing them affection while they disbelieve in what came to you of the truth, driving out the Messenger and you because you believe in Allah, your Lord. If you came out for My sake and My pleasure, do not take as friends My enemies by showing them affection secretly while I know what you conceal and what you proclaim. And whoever does that among you has truly gone astray from the straight path.

60:2 If they gain the upper hand over you, they will manifestly be your enemies and extend their hands and tongues against you with evil, and they wish that you should disbelieve.

60:3 Neither your relatives nor your children will benefit you; on the Day of Judgment, He will separate you. And Allah, of what you do, is All-Seeing.

Cause of Revelation

The scholars of Tafsir state that these ayat were revealed concerning a companion of Messenger Muhammad [peace be upon him], Hatib Bin Abi Balta’ah. Hatib sent a message to the disbelievers of Quraysh informing them of a matter that Messenger Muhammad wished to keep concealed.

Ali Bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated: “Messenger Muhammad [peace be upon him] sent me, az-Zubayr Bin Al-Awwam, and Al-Miqdad, with several companions from among the emigrants. They set out and reached a place called Rowdah Khakh, where they found a woman carrying a letter. They said to her, ‘Bring the message you are carrying.’ She replied, ‘I have no message.’ They said to her, ‘Either you bring out the message or we shall make you take off your clothes.’ She then brought out the letter from the braid of her hair. They took it and brought it to Messenger Muhammad.”

The message had been written by Hatib Bin Abi Balta’ah to people in Makkah, informing them of certain plans of Messenger Muhammad. The Prophet said to Hatib, “What is this?” Hatib replied, “O Messenger, do not be hasty regarding my action. I do not belong to the tribe of Quraysh and have no kinship ties with them. Your companions among the emigrants have relatives who protect their families in Makkah. As I have no such kinship, I hoped to gain their favor so they might protect my family. I did not act out of disbelief, apostasy, or preference for disbelief after accepting Islam.” Messenger Muhammad said, “You have spoken the truth.”

However, Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “Allow me to cut off the head of this hypocrite.” Messenger Muhammad replied, “He participated in the Battle of Badr. You do not know that Allah looked upon the people of Badr and said, ‘Do whatever you wish, for I have forgiven you.’”

Then the opening ayat of SurahAl-Mumtahanah were revealed: “O you who believe, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies…” [60:1]

Tafsir

60:1 O you who believe, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies, showing them affection while they disbelieve in what came to you of the truth, driving out the Messenger and you because you believe in Allah, your Lord. If you came out for My sake and My pleasure, do not take as friends My enemies by showing them affection secretly while I know what you conceal and what you proclaim. And whoever does that among you has truly gone astray from the straight path.

O you who believe in Allah and His Messenger Muhammad, do not take the enemies of Allah, His Messenger, and your own enemies as allies or intimate friends by showing them affection or informing them of matters concerning the Prophet and the believers.

The ayah clearly indicates the prohibition of taking the disbelievers as allies in any form. It also emphasizes the severe warning associated with doing so.

Enmity in this ayah refers to religious enmity, for the disbelievers reject Allah, His Messenger Muhammad, and the Quran, and they were intent on harming Messenger Muhammad and the believers.

…while they disbelieve in what came to you of the truth, driving out the Messenger and you because you believe in Allah, your Lord.

The ayah provides the reason for the prohibition. It is forbidden to take the disbelievers as allies because they disbelieve in Allah, His Messenger Muhammad, and the Quran. They also expelled Messenger Muhammad and the believers from Makkah because of their faith in Allah, their Lord.

If you came out for My sake and My pleasure, do not take as friends My enemies…

Allah, Exalted be He, urges the believers not to befriend the disbelievers. If the believers left Makkah for the sake of Allah and seeking His pleasure, they must not befriend the enemies of Allah who reject His Oneness. They must not show them affection openly or secretly, for Allah knows what they conceal and what they proclaim. Nothing of their words or deeds is hidden from Him; therefore, they must not convey any information of the believers to the disbelievers.

And whoever does that among you has truly gone astray from the straight path.

Whoever among the believers befriends the disbelievers has deviated from the straight path that leads to attaining the pleasure of Allah.

60:2 If they gain the upper hand over you, they will manifestly be your enemies and extend their hands and tongues against you with evil, and they wish that you should disbelieve.

Allah, Exalted be He, mentions additional reasons for prohibiting alliance with the disbelievers. If the disbelievers gain dominance over the believers, they will openly display their enmity. They will harm the believers through their hands and tongues—through both harmful actions and abusive speech. They also desire that the believers should abandon belief in the Oneness of Allah and become disbelievers like them.

In essence, the disbelievers wish harm upon the believers and hope for their loss.

60:3 Neither your relatives nor your children will benefit you; on the Day of Judgment, He will separate you. And Allah, of what you do, is All-Seeing.

Some believers might reveal secrets of the Muslims to protect their relatives in Makkah who live among the disbelievers. However, on the Day of Judgment neither relatives nor children will offer any benefit. On that Day, Allah, Exalted be He, will separate people, and none will protect another from His punishment. Allah will admit the believers into Paradise and the disbelievers into Hell.

The meaning is that kinship will offer no benefit on the Day of Judgment. Only sincere belief in the Oneness of Allah and righteous deeds performed for His sake will be of value.

And Allah, of what you do, is All-Seeing.

Allah sees all that the believers do, and nothing of their actions or words is hidden from Him. He will recompense them with perfect justice for both good and evil deeds.

Learned Lessons from Surah Al-Mumtahanah, Ayat 1–3

• It is prohibited for the believers to take the disbelievers as allies.
• If a believer informs the disbelievers of matters related to the Muslims for a worldly purpose—while sincerely believing in the Oneness of Allah, as in the case of Hatib Bin Abi Balta’ah—he is not considered a disbeliever.
• The prohibition of allying with the disbelievers is due to their disbelief in the Oneness of Allah and His Messenger Muhammad, their expulsion of the Messenger and the believers from Makkah, and their deep hatred and enmity toward the believers. Moreover, the disbelievers wish that the believers abandon their faith.
• Allah warns the believers against befriending the disbelievers. Nothing of human speech or action is hidden from Him, and He will recompense everyone on the Day of Judgment for their deeds, good or evil.
• Only sincere belief in the Oneness of Allah and righteous deeds performed for His sake will benefit a person on the Day of Judgment. Kinship and children will not avail anyone on that Day.

 

Tuesday, November 25, 2025

The Harvest of the Hereafter: Understanding Surah Al-Shurah, Ayah 20

 

The Harvest of the Hereafter Understanding Surah Al-Shurah, Ayah 20

Surah Al-Shurah, Ayah 20, presents a timeless lesson on human purpose, intention, and the contrast between worldly and eternal success. The Ayah states: “Whoever desires the harvest of the Hereafter – We increase for him in his harvest. And whoever desires the harvest of this world – We give him thereof, but he has no share in the Hereafter.” This ayah captures the essence of divine justice and reminds believers that the value of their deeds depends not only on their actions but also on the intentions behind them.

The Promise to Those Who Seek the Harvest of the Hereafter

Allah promises abundant reward to those who sincerely strive for the Hereafter. Those who dedicate their efforts, time, and wealth to earn Allah’s pleasure are rewarded many times over. Their “harvest” grows beyond measure because their intentions are pure and directed toward eternal reward. This increase symbolizes Allah’s generosity and His appreciation for sincere devotion. It teaches that every good deed performed for the sake of Allah—no matter how small—is multiplied and preserved for the Day of Judgment.

The Meaning and Symbolism of “Harvest”

The word “harvest” in this ayah serves as a vivid metaphor for human effort and its results. Just as a farmer plants seeds, nurtures them, and waits patiently for the crops to grow, believers “sow” deeds in this world through their actions and choices. Their reward depends on the kind of “seeds” they plant—their intentions, sincerity, and perseverance. The harvest of the Hereafter represents the spiritual fruits of faith and righteousness, while the harvest of this world refers to temporary success, material gain, or social recognition. The imagery reminds believers that worldly results are short-lived, but deeds done for Allah yield eternal benefit.

Reward for Those Who Seek Only the Worldly Harvest

In contrast, those who work only for worldly success are also given what Allah wills for them in this life. They may achieve wealth, position, or comfort, but their reward ends with their worldly life. Since their efforts were not directed toward Allah’s pleasure, they will have no portion in the Hereafter. This does not mean that seeking worldly benefit is forbidden; rather, it is the exclusivity of worldly desire—when a person’s ultimate goal is limited to material satisfaction—that deprives them of spiritual reward. The ayah warns that a life focused solely on temporary pleasure and self-interest leads to loss in what truly matters: the eternal life after death.

Lessons About Intention and Purpose

This ayah highlights one of the central principles of Islam: that intention (niyyah) defines the value of an action. Deeds done for worldly display or self-benefit may appear good outwardly, but they lack spiritual worth. In contrast, even ordinary actions—earning a living, helping others, or pursuing knowledge—become acts of worship when done for Allah’s sake. The Ayah teaches that what matters most is not the scale of one’s work but the sincerity behind it. Allah knows the hearts of His servants and rewards them according to the purity of their intentions.

Temporary Versus Eternal Success

Through this Ayah, Allah clarifies the difference between temporary and eternal success. Worldly achievements may bring comfort and admiration, but they fade with time. Eternal success, however, lies in righteous deeds performed for the Hereafter. The ayah reminds believers that worldly life is a means, not an end. True prosperity is not measured by wealth or status but by one’s closeness to Allah and the hope of His mercy. The Qur’an often contrasts what perishes with what remains, urging believers to invest their effort in what endures beyond death.

The Consequence of Seeking Only Worldly Rewards

Those who limit their efforts to worldly aims ultimately face loss in the Hereafter. They receive the rewards they sought—status, wealth, or pleasure—but these are confined to this temporary life. When the Day of Judgment comes, they will find no “harvest” awaiting them because their deeds were not cultivated for eternal growth. The Ayah stands as a reminder of divine fairness: Allah gives each person what they strive for, but the choice of destination lies in human hands. By pursuing only the material world, a person exchanges eternal joy for fleeting comfort.

Ayah 20 of Surah Al-Shurah offers a complete philosophy of effort, intention, and reward. It teaches that life is like a field where each individual plants the seeds of their own destiny. Those who sow righteousness, guided by faith and sincerity, will find their harvest multiplied in the Hereafter. Those who sow only for worldly gain may enjoy temporary fruits but will find nothing lasting beyond this life. The Ayah calls every believer to reflect on the direction of their striving—to remember that while this world is a place of action, the Hereafter is the place of reaping. In the balance between the two lies the true measure of success.

 


Tuesday, November 11, 2025

The Power of the Quran: A Revelation That Humbles Mountains

Surah Al-Hashr the Noble Quran

The Quran is more than a book of guidance; it is a divine utterance of immense power, a fact beautifully illustrated in Surah al-Hashr, Ayah 21. "Had We revealed this Quran to a mountain, you would have seen it humbled, split asunder out of the fear of Allah. And those similitudes – We put forward for people that they may reflect.”

 This powerful simile invites us to contemplate the profound nature of the divine word and to re-evaluate our own relationship with it. It serves as both a warning and a profound call to introspection, urging us to consider why a book that could move mountains often fails to move our hearts.

The metaphor of a mountain being humbled and split asunder underscores the sheer power and weight of the Quran’s message. A mountain, in our human perception, is the very symbol of permanence, strength, and immovability. It stands as a testament to the might of the earth, an obstacle that seems impenetrable. Yet, Allah states that even this colossal entity would crumble under the force of His revelation. This imagery tells us that the Quran is not just a collection of stories or laws; it is a living, powerful force. Its words are infused with divine authority and gravitas, capable of altering the very fabric of existence. The Ayah sets a benchmark for the reverence we should have for the Quran, showing that its truth and reality are so immense that they would break the most solid of creations.

This ayah should fundamentally change our perspective on how we approach and receive the teachings of the Quran. We often treat it as a book to be read casually, a text for ritualistic recitation, or a source of information. However, the revelation that a mountain would be humbled by it suggests that our approach should be one of profound awe and humility. We must recognize that we are not merely reading words, but engaging with a force that commands the cosmos. This calls for a state of presence, reflection, and openness, where we allow the Quran to speak to us, to challenge us, and to transform us. Our hearts, in their spiritual rigidity, can sometimes be harder than mountains. This Ayah serves as a reminder to soften them, to make them receptive to the divine light.

The significance of the phrase “We put forward for people that they may reflect” cannot be overstated. It reveals the purpose behind Allah’s use of such a powerful similitude. This is not a random poetic flourish; it is a direct invitation for humanity to engage in deep contemplation. Allah desires that we not just read His words, but that we think about their implications, their weight, and their relevance to our lives. The act of reflection (tafakkur) is a cornerstone of faith. It is through reflection that we move from passive consumption to active understanding and ultimately, to spiritual transformation. This ayah teaches us that the path to true guidance lies in pondering over the signs that Allah places before us, both in the Ayah and in His final revelation.

The individual’s heart can indeed be like a mountain—firm in its convictions, stubborn in its habits, and resistant to change. The worldly life, with its endless distractions and attachments, can harden our hearts, making them insensitive to divine truth. The Quran, however, can "humble" it by softening this spiritual rigidity. When we truly listen to its message, it challenges our ego, dismantles our false notions, and fills us with a sense of awe for our Creator. It exposes our weaknesses and provides the remedy, guiding us from arrogance to humility, from heedlessness to remembrance. Just as the mountain would be compelled by divine force to surrender, our hearts, when they submit to the Quran, find a profound and freeing humility.

Finally, the "fear of Allah" described here is not a simple feeling of terror, but rather a profound awe and reverence that stems from knowing His greatness. It is the fear that comes from a deep understanding of His power, wisdom, and justice. This fear is not paralyzing; it is motivating. It is the fear of being inattentive to the divine word, of failing to live up to our purpose, and of losing His favor. It is a love-driven fear that inspires us to be better, to seek His pleasure, and to align our lives with His will. This type of fear is a spiritual necessity, and the Quran is the very source that cultivates it within us, reminding us of the immense reality we are a part of. The ayah serves as a timeless reminder that our relationship with the Quran must be built on this foundation of awe, humility, and reflection.

 

 


Monday, November 3, 2025

Who Would Actually Show Up If You Faced a Real Crisis?

 


Life has a way of stripping away pretense. In moments of genuine crisis—when illness strikes, financial ruin looms, or loss devastates our world—the social masks we wear daily fall away, revealing who truly stands beside us. These watershed moments don't just test our resilience; they illuminate the authentic architecture of our support systems, often in ways that surprise, humble, and sometimes disappoint us.

The question of who shows up during our darkest hours is not merely academic curiosity—it strikes at the heart of human connection and community. While we may assume we know our circles of support, crisis has a peculiar way of reshuffling the deck entirely. Some relationships we thought were bedrock crumble under pressure, while others we barely noticed emerge as our greatest sources of strength. Understanding these patterns, particularly through the lens of Islamic teachings and cultural wisdom, offers profound insights into the nature of human bonds and the divine orchestration of support systems.

In Islamic culture, this question carries additional weight because it intersects with fundamental religious principles about duty, community, and divine providence. The Quran and Prophetic traditions offer a framework for understanding not just who might show up, but why they show up, and what spiritual significance their presence carries. This perspective transforms crisis from mere hardship into a revelation of both human nature and divine mercy working through ordinary people.

Family as the Foundation of Support

When crisis strikes, family members often emerge as the first and most steadfast responders, but not always in ways we might expect. In Islamic tradition, this isn't merely cultural preference—it's a sacred obligation rooted in the concept of "silat al-rahim," the maintenance of family ties. This principle establishes family support not as optional kindness but as a religious duty that carries profound spiritual consequences.

The strength of family response during crisis often correlates with how these relationships were nurtured during peaceful times. Families that prioritize regular connection, shared meals, and genuine interest in each other's lives typically mobilize with remarkable efficiency when trouble arrives. The elderly aunt who called weekly suddenly becomes the coordinator of care schedules. The cousin who remembered every birthday transforms into the family's emotional anchor. These aren't coincidences but the natural fruit of relationships that were already healthy and interconnected.

However, family crisis response isn't guaranteed simply by blood relation. Islamic teachings emphasize that family ties require active maintenance—they atrophy without attention and investment. Families fractured by years of neglect, unresolved conflicts, or competing priorities may struggle to unite effectively during emergencies. The prodigal brother may return, but the rebuilding of trust happens in real-time alongside the crisis management, adding complexity to an already difficult situation.

What makes family support particularly powerful in Islamic culture is the understanding that helping family members during hardship brings divine blessing, while neglecting them invites spiritual consequences. This creates a powerful incentive structure that goes beyond mere emotional attachment. Parents who rush to help adult children in crisis aren't just responding to love—they're fulfilling what they believe to be a divine mandate. Siblings who set aside old grievances to support each other during difficulty are engaging in what their faith considers among the highest forms of worship.

The family crisis response also reveals generational patterns and values. Often, it's the older generation that shows up most consistently, having learned through their own trials the paramount importance of family solidarity. They understand viscerally what younger family members may only know intellectually—that external support systems come and go, but family, when functioning properly, provides the most reliable foundation for weathering life's storms.

The Brotherhood/Sisterhood of Faith

Perhaps one of the most distinctive aspects of Islamic community response to crisis is the concept of religious brotherhood and sisterhood that transcends blood relations. The Prophet Muhammad's teaching that "believers are like one body—when one part suffers, the whole body feels the pain" creates bonds that often surprise even those within the community with their strength and immediacy.

This faith-based support network typically manifests through mosque communities, Islamic organizations, and informal networks of practicing Muslims. When crisis hits a community member, the response often resembles an extended family mobilization. Meals appear without being requested, childcare is quietly arranged, and financial assistance is discretely provided. The beauty of this system lies in its assumption of mutual responsibility—each person both gives and receives support as circumstances require.

The religious framework underlying this support creates unique dynamics. Those who respond aren't seeking recognition or reciprocity in the conventional sense; they're motivated by the belief that serving their fellow believers serves God. This removes many of the social awkwardnesses that can complicate other forms of help. Recipients don't feel the same burden of indebtedness because both parties understand the assistance as part of a larger spiritual ecosystem where God is ultimately both the source and recipient of all help.

However, this faith-based support isn't automatic—it requires active participation in community life. Muslims who regularly attend prayers, participate in community events, and contribute to the collective welfare typically find themselves embedded in networks that activate during crisis. Those who maintain more distant relationships with their religious community may find this support less accessible, not due to exclusion but because the relationships that enable such rapid response haven't been cultivated.

The interfaith dimension of this principle also bears consideration. Many Muslims extend this concept of brotherhood and sisterhood to include neighbors and colleagues of different faiths, seeing their shared humanity and common struggles as creating bonds worthy of the same response. This expansion of religious obligation into broader community responsibility reflects the Quranic teaching that helping any person in distress brings divine reward.

What makes religious community support particularly valuable is its longevity. While crisis often brings temporary helpers, faith-based communities tend to provide sustained support that extends well beyond the immediate emergency. They understand that recovery from major crises is often measured in months or years, not days or weeks, and they structure their assistance accordingly.

Neighbors as Sacred Responsibility

The Islamic emphasis on neighbors' rights creates one of the most underestimated support networks in contemporary society. The Prophet Muhammad's teachings about neighbors were so emphatic that he said, "Gabriel continued to advise me about the neighbor until I thought he would inherit from me." This places geographic proximity in a sacred context that transforms neighbors from mere coincidental adjacency into spiritual responsibility.

In many Muslim communities, neighbors often emerge as unexpected heroes during crises, driven not just by natural human compassion but by religious conviction about their obligations to those living nearby. This is particularly striking in an age when many people barely know their neighbors' names, let alone feel responsible for their wellbeing. The Islamic framework creates a different paradigm entirely—one where the family next door has legitimate claims on your attention and assistance.

The practical implications of this teaching become evident during emergencies. Neighbors who embrace this responsibility often notice troubles earlier than distant family members or friends. They're the ones who realize the elderly resident hasn't collected their mail in several days, or who notice unusual patterns that signal distress. This proximity advantage, combined with religious motivation, creates remarkably effective early warning and rapid response systems.

Notably, Islamic teachings about neighbor responsibility explicitly include neighbors of different faiths. The obligation isn't contingent on shared religious beliefs but on shared geographic space. This creates fascinating dynamics in diverse communities where Muslims may be among the most attentive and responsive neighbors regardless of religious differences. Their motivation is spiritual, but their service is universal.

The neighbor-as-sacred-responsibility principle also creates interesting reciprocal relationships. Non-Muslim neighbors, initially surprised by the level of attention and care they receive, often respond with their own generosity when their Muslim neighbors face difficulties. This reciprocity isn't required by Islamic teaching, but it frequently emerges as people respond to genuine care with genuine care.

However, the effectiveness of this support network depends heavily on residential stability. Communities with high turnover rates struggle to develop the relationships necessary for this system to function. The sacred responsibility to neighbors requires actual relationship with neighbors, which takes time to develop and maintain. In transient communities, the theoretical obligation may exist without the practical relationships that enable its fulfillment.

The Test of Friendship Through Adversity

Crisis serves as the ultimate arbiter of authentic friendship, separating those who genuinely care from those who were merely companions of convenience. Islamic wisdom recognizes this distinction explicitly, differentiating between "friends of prosperity" and "friends of adversity." The latter category represents those rare individuals whose friendship deepens rather than diminishes when life becomes difficult.

The testing function of crisis often produces surprising results. Long-standing friendships sometimes crumble under the weight of genuine need, revealing that they were built on shared activities or mutual benefit rather than authentic care. The friend who was always available for social events suddenly becomes unavailable when you need help navigating a medical crisis. The colleague who shared countless coffee breaks finds reasons to avoid you when you're dealing with job loss. These discoveries can be as painful as the original crisis itself.

Conversely, crisis sometimes reveals depths of friendship that weren't previously visible. The acquaintance who barely registered in your daily awareness emerges as a constant presence during your difficulty. The friend you hadn't spoken to in months somehow learns of your trouble and appears with exactly the help you need. These experiences often permanently reshape social circles, elevating previously peripheral relationships to positions of central importance.

The Islamic framework for understanding friendship during adversity provides valuable perspective on these dynamics. Islamic teaching suggests that supporting friends during their trials is itself a form of spiritual test—an opportunity to demonstrate the sincerity of our professed care for others. From this perspective, those who show up aren't just helping their friends; they're responding to their own spiritual examination about what their friendships actually mean.

This testing aspect of crisis friendship creates profound bonds between those who weather storms together. Relationships forged or strengthened in the crucible of genuine need often develop qualities that fair-weather friendships rarely achieve. There's an intimacy that comes from seeing and accepting each other's vulnerability, and a trust that develops from being present during each other's worst moments.

The cultural implications of friendship testing extend beyond individual relationships to entire social networks. Communities that consistently support their members during crises develop reputations for reliability that attract others seeking authentic connection. Conversely, communities where crisis reveals widespread fair-weather friendship often experience gradual dissolution as people seek more dependable social environments.

The Surprise of Divine Provision Through Strangers

Perhaps the most mysterious and moving category of crisis support comes from unexpected sources—strangers or barely-known acquaintances who appear with precisely the help needed, often at precisely the right moment. In Islamic understanding, this phenomenon reflects divine providence working through human agents who may not even realize they're participating in a larger spiritual orchestration.

These experiences often carry qualities that distinguish them from conventional help. The assistance frequently matches the need with uncanny precision, arriving neither too early nor too late but at the exact moment when it can be most effective. The stranger who offers exactly the professional expertise you need, the acquaintance who connects you with exactly the right resource, the person you barely know who provides exactly the emotional support you require—these intersections often feel too perfectly timed to be mere coincidence.

The religious framework for understanding this phenomenon suggests that God provides assistance through human hands, often without the human agents fully understanding their role in the larger plan. From this perspective, the stranger who helps during crisis is simultaneously exercising their own free will to be kind and serving as an instrument of divine mercy. This dual understanding adds profound meaning to both receiving and providing unexpected help.

What makes divine provision through strangers particularly powerful is its tendency to restore faith in human goodness during times when other disappointments might suggest otherwise. When family fails, friends disappear, and traditional support systems prove inadequate, the appearance of unexpected help from unlikely sources can renew belief in both human compassion and divine care. These experiences often become pivotal spiritual moments that reshape people's understanding of how support and providence operate in the world.

The reciprocal nature of this phenomenon also deserves attention. Many people report that their most meaningful opportunities to help others have come through unexpected encounters with strangers in crisis. The person who helped you during your darkest hour may never know how they were used, just as you may unknowingly serve the same role for others. This creates beautiful cycles of unrecognized service that bind communities together in ways that transcend conscious awareness.

The challenge with divine provision through strangers is learning to recognize and receive it. Pride, embarrassment, or skepticism can blind us to offered help or prevent us from accepting it gracefully. Islamic teaching emphasizes that receiving help graciously is itself a spiritual practice—one that honors both the helper and the divine source from which all help ultimately comes.

The question of who shows up during real crisis reveals fundamental truths about human nature, community bonds, and spiritual reality. While we cannot predict with certainty who will stand beside us during our darkest hours, Islamic wisdom and universal human experience suggest patterns that can guide our expectations and shape our relationships.

Family members, bound by both love and sacred obligation, often form the foundation of crisis support, though their effectiveness depends heavily on the health of relationships cultivated during peaceful times. Religious communities provide networks of mutual responsibility that transcend individual limitations, creating extended families of faith that can mobilize remarkable resources. Neighbors, when understood as sacred responsibility rather than mere geographic coincidence, often provide the most immediate and practical assistance. True friends reveal themselves through their willingness to engage with difficulty rather than retreat from it. And divine providence working through unexpected human agents often provides precisely what's needed when traditional support systems prove insufficient.

Understanding these patterns doesn't guarantee we'll receive perfect support during our own crises, but it does offer guidance for building the kinds of relationships and communities that are most likely to provide such support. More importantly, it challenges us to consider what kind of person we are in others' crises—whether we're the family member who shows up, the friend who deepens relationship through difficulty, the neighbor who takes sacred responsibility seriously, or the stranger through whom divine provision flows to those in need.

Ultimately, the question of who shows up during crisis is inseparable from the question of who we choose to be when others face theirs. In a world often marked by superficial connections and transactional relationships, the call to be people who show up—consistently, sacrificially, and lovingly—represents both a spiritual discipline and a practical investment in the kind of community we hope will surround us when our own trials come.

 

Tuesday, October 21, 2025

Introduction to English Translation and Tafsir of Surah Al-Mumtahanah



 

Quran-Introduction-Tafsir-Surah-Al-Mumtahinah

Name of the Surah

This Surah is called Al-Mumtahinah (“The Tested [Woman]”). It was revealed in Al-Madinah and consists of thirteen Ayat.

Relationship between Surah Al-Hashr and Al-Mumtahinah

Surah Al-Hashr states that the believers are allies of one another, while the hypocrites are allies of the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture. Surah Al-Mumtahinah then prohibits the believers from taking the disbelievers as allies, lest they resemble the hypocrites.

Furthermore, Al-Hashr discusses the People of the Scripture who entered into a covenant with the believers, whereas Al-Mumtahinah addresses the disbelievers who made an agreement with the Muslims after the Treaty of Al-Hudaybiyah.

Main Themes and Topics of the Surah

The general theme of Surah Al-Mumtahinah aligns with that of other Madinan surahs, as it presents rulings related to Islamic Shariah. It discusses the regulations concerning disbelievers who did not fight against the Muslims and were granted a covenant. It also addresses the case of the believing women who emigrated to Al-Madinah and were subsequently tested regarding the sincerity of their faith.

Prohibition of Befriending Disbelievers

The Surah begins by commanding the believers not to befriend the disbelievers, outlining the reasons for this prohibition—namely, their abuse of the believers, their enmity towards Allah and the believers, and their forcing the believers to emigrate from their homeland.

O you who believe, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies, showing them affection while they disbelieve in what came to you of the truth, driving out the Messenger and you because you believe in Allah, your Lord. If you came out for My sake and My pleasure, do not take as friends My enemies by showing them affection secretly while I know what you conceal and what you proclaim. And whoever does that among you has truly gone astray from the straight path. 60:1

The Futility of Kinship and Friendship on the Day of Judgment

The Surah then emphasizes that kinship and friendship will be of no benefit on the Day of Judgment. Only righteous deeds performed sincerely for the sake of Allah will bring salvation by His permission and bounty.

Neither your relatives nor your children will benefit you; on the Day of Judgment, He will separate you. And Allah, of what you do, is All-Seeing. 60:3

The Example of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham)

Afterward, Surah Al-Mumtahinah presents the example of Prophet Ibrahim and his followers among the believers, who renounced the disbelievers for worshipping other deities besides Allah, Exalted be He. Their example is cited so that the believers may take the father of the Prophets as their role model.

You have a good example in Abraham and those with him when they said to their people, ‘Truly we disown you and what you worship besides Allah. We disbelieve in you and enmity and hatred have arisen between us and you forever until you believe in Allah alone,’ save the saying of Ibrahim to his father. ‘I shall seek forgiveness for you, and I have no power to avail you against Allah at all.’ ‘O our Lord, in You, we put our trust, and to You we turn, and to You is the return.’ 60:4

Principles of Relations with Non-Muslims

The Surah then clarifies the principles governing relations between Muslims and others—whether disbelievers or the People of the Scripture—during times of peace and war:

Allah forbids you not as regards those who have not fought against you on account of the religion, nor expelled you from your homes, that you should be kind to them and be just with them; verily, Allah loves the just. 60:8
Allah only forbids you as to those who have fought against you on account of the religion, and expelled you from your homes, and have supported in your expulsion, that you should befriend them. And whoever befriends them – those – they are the wrongdoers. 60:9

The Case of the Emigrant Believing Women

Next, the Surah addresses the issue of the emigrant believing women. It instructs that their faith should be tested when they migrate to the land of Islam and that they should not be returned to the disbelievers. It also outlines the stipulations for accepting the pledge of allegiance from such women.

O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants, test them. Allah best knows about their belief. Then, if you know them to be believers, do not return them to the disbelievers. They are not lawful for them, nor are they lawful for them. And give them what they have spent, and there will be no sin on you to marry them if you have paid their bridal money. And do not hold to the marriage ties with disbelieving women. And ask for what you have spent, and let them ask for what they have spent. That is the Judgment of Allah; He judges between you. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. 60:10

Final Prohibition of Alliance with Disbelievers

Finally, Surah Al-Mumtahinah reiterates the prohibition of befriending those against whom Allah is wrathful.

O you who believe, do not befriend a people against whom Allah is wrathful. They have despaired of the Hereafter just as the disbelievers have despaired of the inhabitants of the graves. 60:13

 

Monday, October 6, 2025

English Translation of Surah Al-Hashr Ayah 21–24; The Sublime Rank of the Names of Allah and the Quran

 

The Sublime Rank of the Names of Allah and the Quran

59:21 Had We revealed this Quran to a mountain, you would have seen it humbled, split asunder out of the fear of Allah. And these similitudes – We put forward for people that they may reflect.

59:22 He is Allah; there is no god worthy of worship but Him. He is the Knower of the Unseen and the Visible; He is the Giver of Mercy, the All-Merciful.

59:23 He is Allah; there is no god worthy of worship but Him. He is the King, the Holy, the One Free from all defects, the Giver of security, the Watcher over His creatures, the All-Mighty, the Subduer, the All-Sublime. Glory be to Allah; He is above what they worship besides Him.

59:24 He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Shaper. To Him belong the Most Beautiful Names. All that is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.

Relationship with the Preceding Part

In the earlier section, the condition of the Jews and the hypocrites was clarified. The believers were commanded to fear Allah by obeying His commands and avoiding His prohibitions, as well as to prepare for the Day of Judgment. This present section emphasizes the lofty rank of the Quran, revealed by Allah, Exalted be He, to guide humanity to what secures their happiness in both this world and the Hereafter. It also mentions some of the Beautiful Names of Allah.

Tafsir

“Had We revealed this Quran to a mountain, you would have seen it humbled, split asunder out of the fear of Allah. And those similitudes – We put forward for people that they may reflect.” 59:21

The Quran, with its eloquence and beneficial lessons, possesses immense rank, softening the hearts through its powerful guidance. If it were revealed to a mountain, despite its hardness, the mountain would humble itself and split apart from fear of Allah and His punishment.

This illustrates the sublime position of the Quran and its profound effect on souls and hearts. It contains beneficial admonitions, deterrent warnings, truthful promises from Allah to reward the righteous for their deeds, and stern threats of punishment for the wrongdoers. If even the mighty mountains, despite their firmness, would split asunder upon comprehending the meanings of the Quran, how then can human hearts remain unmoved when listening to its recitation and understanding its meanings?

“And those similitudes – We put forward for people that they may reflect.”

These similitudes are mentioned by Allah in the Quran so that people may reflect and take lessons. The purpose is to highlight the extreme hardness of the disbelievers’ hearts, for they remain unmoved by the Quran, whereas the solid mountains would tremble and split if they heard its recitation.

“He is Allah; there is no god worthy of worship but Him. He is the Knower of the Unseen and the Visible; He is the Giver of Mercy, the All-Merciful.” 59:22

The preceding ayah described the greatness of the Quran. Since the greatness of any attribute is derived from the greatness of its source, Allah introduces Himself here to establish His majesty and glory.

Allah alone is the true God; no one besides Him deserves worship.

He is the Knower of the Unseen and the Visible. He knows what people cannot perceive with their eyes or discern with their intellect, as well as what they can see and understand.

He is the Giver of Mercy and the All-Merciful. His mercy encompasses all things, extending over both this world and the Hereafter.

“He is Allah; there is no god worthy of worship but Him. He is the King, the Holy, the One Free from all defects, the Giver of security, the Watcher over His creatures, the All-Mighty, the Subduer, the All-Sublime. Glory be to Allah; He is above what they worship besides Him.” 59:23

This ayah enumerates some of the Beautiful Names andAttributes of Allah:

The King: Allah possesses complete sovereignty over the entire universe and absolute authority over all creation.

The Holy: He is exalted and entirely free from any defects or imperfections. The positioning of “the Holy” after “the King” signifies that although Allah owns and governs everything, He exercises His authority with absolute justice.

The Giver of Security: He is free from anything unbefitting His majesty and grants safety to His believing servants, protecting them from His punishment.

The Watcher: Nothing of His creatures’ deeds, words, or conditions is hidden from Him.

The All-Mighty: None can overcome Him, and nothing can withstand His Perfect Will.

The Subduer: His power is absolute; no creature can escape or resist it.

The All-Sublime: He is characterized by Glory, Majesty, and Sublimity, free from anything unworthy of His exalted status.

Glory be to Allah, Who is above what the disbelievers worship besides Him.

“He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Shaper. To Him belong the Most Beautiful Names. All that is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.” 59:24

The Creator: Allah brings all things into existence by His perfect Will and Wisdom.

The Maker: He originates and fashions all things, causing them to exist from non-existence.

The Shaper: He gives form and appearance to creation, granting diverse features and qualities.

To Him belong the Most Beautiful Names and Attributes. None resembles Him in His Names or Attributes, for He is free from all defects and imperfections.

“All that is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.”

All creation, in the heavens and the earth, glorifies and praises Allah. He is the All-Mighty, whom none can overcome, and the All-Wise, Who governs the universe with perfect Wisdom and Will.

Prophetic Hadith on the Names of Allah

Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:

“Allah has ninety-nine names – one hundred minus one. Whoever memorizes them will enter Paradise.”
[Memorization of the Names and Attributes of Allah includes understanding their meanings.]

It should be noted that the Names and Attributes of Allah are not limited to ninety-nine. This is supported by the following narration:

Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:

“When a person is afflicted by distress or sorrow and says, ‘O Allah, I am Your slave, the son of Your slave and female slave. I have no control over my affairs; Your judgment is effective upon me, and Your decree is just upon me. I ask You by every name by which You have named Yourself, revealed in Your Scriptures, taught to any of Your creatures, or kept in the unseen with You. O Allah, I ask You to make the Quran the wellspring of my heart, the light of my chest, a means for removing my distress, and clearing away my sorrow,’ Allah will remove his distress and replace his sorrow with joy.”

The companions of the Messenger of Allah said: “O Messenger of Allah, should we learn these words?” He replied: “Yes; whoever hears them should learn them.”

Learned Lessons from Surah Al-Hashr Ayah 21–24

Allah, Exalted be He, calls people to reflect upon the lessons of the Quran. There is no excuse for neglecting contemplation of its ayat. If the Quran were revealed to a mountain, despite its hardness, it would have split apart out of fear of Allah.

Allah knows the hidden and the manifest, the past and the future, what people perceive and what they cannot, what belongs to this world and what lies in the Hereafter. Nothing is concealed from His perfect Knowledge.

 

 

Tuesday, September 16, 2025

English Translation and Tafsir of Surah Al-Hashr Ayah (18-20) Commanding to Fear Allah

 

Surah-Al-Hashr-Commanding-to-Fear-Allah

O you who believe! Fear Allah and let every soul consider what it has forwarded for tomorrow. And fear Allah; verily, Allah is All-Aware of what you do. 59:18

And be not like those who forget Allah, and He made them forget their own selves – those are the transgressors. 59:19

Not equal are the inhabitants of the Fire and the inhabitants of Paradise. The inhabitants of Paradise – they are the successful. 59:20

Relationship with the Previous Part

The previous section refers to the conditions of the hypocrites and the Jews. Then, Allah commands believers to fear Him by obeying His commands and avoiding His prohibitions. He also commands the believers to prepare for the Hereafter by performing righteous deeds for Allah's sake and warns against following in the footsteps of the people of Hell. The ayat mention that the people of Paradise shall be successful while the dwellers of Hell, who disobey Allah's commands, shall be the losers.

Tafsir

"O you who believe! Fear Allah and let every soul consider what it has forwarded for tomorrow. And fear Allah; verily, Allah is All-Aware of what you do." 59:18

O believers, who believe in the Oneness of Allah and the message that Messenger Muhammad brought from Allah, fear Allah by obeying His commands and avoiding His prohibitions. Let every soul consider what it has forwarded for the Hereafter. Let it consider the righteous deeds that it performed for Allah's sake. You should call yourselves to account in this world before you are called to account on the Day of Judgment. Fear Allah and beware of disobeying His commands, for His punishment is severe. Verily, Allah is fully aware of all your deeds, and nothing is hidden from His perfect knowledge.

The ayah refers to the Day of Judgment as "tomorrow" since it will certainly take place, no matter how long it may take to occur.

Allah commands believers to fear Him because fear of Allah is the safest means leading to salvation on the Day of Judgment.

"And be not like those who forget Allah, and He made them forget their own selves – those are the transgressors." 59:19

After commanding believers to fear Allah, they are commanded not to be like those whose hearts are void of fear of Allah.

O believers, you should always fear Allah by obeying His commands and avoiding His prohibitions. Beware of being like those who refrain from complying with Allah's commands. Thus, He, out of His wisdom and justice, left them to their own devices by making them forget their own selves. Consequently, they have not endeavored to attain what benefits them; rather, they have done what harms their own selves.

Those are the transgressors. Indeed, such people are the transgressors as they have refrained from obeying Allah's commands, gone beyond the limits set by Allah, and refused to believe in the revelation that Allah revealed to His Prophets and Messengers. Their abode will be Hell, wherein they will suffer painful torment.

"Not equal are the inhabitants of the Fire and the inhabitants of Paradise. The inhabitants of Paradise – they are the successful." 59:20

Not equal in the sight of Allah and His recompense are the inhabitants of the Fire and the inhabitants of Paradise. The inhabitants of Paradise are the successful. They shall attain the utmost happiness that cannot be compared with any other pleasure.

It should be noted that the ayah does not specify how the inhabitants of the Fire are not equal to the inhabitants of Paradise, indicating that there are differences between them. There are great differences in their behaviors, their deeds, their understanding, their viewpoint of life, and their final destination.

Learned Lessons From Surah Al-Hashr Ayah 18-20

• It is obligatory to fear Allah by obeying His commands and avoiding His prohibitions.

• The command to fear Allah is repeated for emphasis. It is commanded to fear Allah, to perform obligations, and to repent of past sins. Then, the command is repeated to avoid sins in the future.

• Allah commands the believers not to be like those who disregard Allah's commands, which makes them forget their own selves by not performing righteous deeds. Thus, they become transgressors.

• There is a clear difference between the believers, who will be the inhabitants of Paradise, and the disbelievers, who will be the inhabitants of Hell. The inhabitants of Paradise shall be successful, and the inhabitants of Hell will be the losers.