Concise Introduction to Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence Based on al-Waraqat By Imam al-Harmayn Al-Juwayni [Part 15]
What Messenger Muhammad sanctioned is an act or statement that took place in his presence, or happened in his lifetime and he knew about it, and he did not disapprove of it.
Sanctioning a matter by Messenger Muhammad is evidence of its permissibility because Messenger Muhammad would never sanction falsehood or wrongdoing.
The ruling on any act or statement that Messenger Muhammad sanctioned and did not criticize its doer is the same as the ruling on his acts and statements.
For example,
Messenger Muhammad sanctioned the statement of Abu Bakr when he said to one of the Messenger’s companions that the killer is entitled to take the spoils of war of the person whom he killed on the battlefield, which is a statement said in the presence of Messenger Muhammad and he sanctioned it.
Khalid Ibn al-Walid ate a dab-lizard in the presence of Messenger and he did not criticize him [Sahih Al-Bukhari]. This is an example of an action that was done in the presence of Messenger Muhammad and he sanctioned it.
What is the ruling on a matter that was done during the lifetime of Messenger Muhammad in his absence, and he knew about it and did not denounce it?
The ruling on a matter that was done during the lifetime of Messenger Muhammad, and he knew about it and did not denounce it is the same as the ruling on a matter that was done in his presence, namely, it is permissible.
For example, Messenger Muhammad approved the action of Abu Bakr, who told him that he swore not to eat when he was angry. Then, Abu Bakr broke his oath and compensated for breaking it when he saw that eating was better.
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