Concise Introduction to Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence Based on al-Waraqat By Imam al-Harmayn Al-Juwayni [Part 22]
According to the continuity of the chain of narrators, Ahad reports are divided into two types:
a) Musnad
b) Mursal
Musnad Report
Literally, musnad means ascribed, or attributed.
Technically, musnad is a report that has a connected chain of transmission. If its chain transmission is connected to Messenger Muhammad [peace be upon him], it is called al-marfu’. For example, a report narrated by Malik from Naf' from Abdul Allah Ibn Umar from Messenger Muhammad. This report is musand because each of the narrators heard from the former narrator.
If its chain of transmission is connected to the companions of Messenger Muhammad, it is called al-mawquf.
For example, a report narrated by Malik from Naf’ from Messenger Muhammad. This report is called mawquf because Naf’ did not meet Messenger Muhammad and there is a missing narrator between Naf’ and Messenger Muhammad.
Mursal Report
Literally, mursal means something that is set free.
Technically, mursal is a report that its chain of transmission is disconnected.
A mursal report is un-authoritative evidence except for these two types:
a) Mursal report attributed to the companions of Messenger Muhammad. It is a report narrated by a companion of Messenger Muhammad about things he did not directly hear, or see from Messenger Muhammad. Murasl reports narrated by a companion of Messenger Muhammad are accepted since all companions of Messenger Muhammad are trustworthy and they narrate only from trustworthy people.
b) Mursal reports attributed to Sai’d Ibn al-Musayyb, who is one of the followers of the companions of Messenger Muhammad. They were investigated and found that his reports are attributed to Messenger Muhammad, namely, he narrated reports that he heard from companions of Messenger Muhammad.
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