English Translation of Surah Al-Qiyamah Ayah 1-15
75:1 I do swear by the Day of Resurrection.
75:2 And I do swear by the self-reproaching soul.
75:3 Does man think that We shall not gather his bones?
75:4 Yes, We are able to shape again his fingers.
75:5 Nay! Man wants to go on sinning.
75:6 He asks, ‘When shall be the Day of Resurrection?’
75:7 Then, when the sight is dazzled,
75:8 and the moon is eclipsed,
75:9 and the sun and the moon are brought together,
75:10 man shall say on that day, ‘Whither to flee?’
75:11 No! There is no refuge.
75:12 To your Lord on that day shall be the end.
75:13 Man shall be told on that day what he forwarded and deferred.
75:14 Nay! Man is evidence against himself,
75:15 even though he puts forth his excuses.
Tafsir
75:1 I do swear by the Day of Resurrection.
75:2 And I do swear by the self-reproaching soul.
Allah, Exalted be He, swears by the Day of Judgment to emphasize that it will certainly take place. Allah, Exalted be He, can swear by whatever thing of the creatures, but the created being can swear only by Allah.
Allah, Exalted be He, swears also by the self-reproaching soul that always reproaches itself for its underperformance concerning fulfilling its obligations towards Allah.
The self-reproaching soul always blames itself concerning its past deeds. When it does good deeds, it will say, ‘Why do not I do more righteous deeds?’ and when it does fewer sins, it will say, ‘Why do not I do fewer and fewer sins?’ There are three types of souls: the soul that is at peace, which is always reassured by remembering Allah and obeying His commands, the evil-inciting soul, which incites to do evil deeds, and the self-reproaching soul, which blames itself for doing evil deeds and not doing more and more righteous deeds.
In sum, Allah, swears by the Day of Judgment and the self-reproaching soul that the Day of Judgment will certainly take place and people will be recompensed for their deeds on that day.
Al-Hassan Al-Basri, may Allah have mercy on him, said, ‘75:2 And I do swear by the self-reproaching soul. By Allah, the believer always blames himself. He says, ‘What did I mean by saying such and such word? What did I mean by eating such and such food? What did I want by having such and such self-talk? And the evildoer will live his life without blaming himself.’
75:3 Does man think that We shall not gather his bones?
75:4 Yes, We are able to shape again his fingers.
The interrogation is for criticism and reproach.
Does man think that Allah will not be able to gather his bones and return them to their former condition after their disintegration? Such belief is untrue. Indeed, Allah will gather the bones of man and return them to their former condition after their disintegration on the Day of Judgment when Allah will gather all creatures for reckoning and recompense.
Indeed, Allah, Exalted be He, is able to shape again the smallest parts of man such as his fingers, and return them to their former condition. And He is able to shape again all other parts of man no matter how big or small they may be.
The bones refer to the bodies of human beings because they provide shape and support for the body. The disbelievers consider returning the bodies to their former condition after their integration improbable. Allah, Exalted be He, says, interpretation of the meaning:
36:78 And he has presented for Us a similitude and forgotten his creation; he says, ‘Who shall give life to the bones when they are decayed?’
36:79 Say, ‘He shall give life to them Who created them the first time; He knows all creation.’
In other words, Allah, Exalted be He, swears by the Day of Judgment, which will certainly take place, and the self-reproaching soul, which always blames itself for doing evil deeds, and not doing more and more righteous deeds that He will gather the bones of people on the Day of Judgment and resurrect them for reckoning and recompense.
75:5 Nay! Man wants to go on sinning.
75:6 He asks, ‘When shall be the Day of Resurrection?’
The ayah portrays an example of tyranny and immorality of the disbelievers.
The disbeliever not only denies the occurrence of the Day of Judgment, but also insistently wants to go on sinning. He mockingly asks, ‘when shall be the Day of Judgment? You, o believers, claim that it shall come and fear reckoning and recompense on that day. If you are truthful, when will this day come?
Indeed, the condition of the disbeliever is strange. He is not only satisfied with his denial of the Day of Judgment, but also goes on sinning as if he will never die. This indicates how extremely the disbeliever insists on following the path of misguidance.
Ad-Dahak, may Allah have mercy on him said, ‘75:5 Nay! Man wants to go on sinning. This is false hope. Man hopes; he says, ‘I shall live and attain such and such in life of this world.’ And he does not remember death.’
In sum, disbelief in the occurrence of the Day of Judgment causes two suspicions: 1) The disbeliever thinks that the resurrecting of the dead after their bodies disintegrated for reckoning on the Day of Judgment is far-fetched. 2) The disbeliever goes on sinning in the life of this world without fearing punishment for his sins.
75:7 Then, when the sight is dazzled,
75:8 and the moon is eclipsed,
75:9 and the sun and the moon are brought together,
75:10 man shall say on that day, ‘Whither to flee?’
The ayat mention some of the signs and horrors of the Day of Judgment to warn the disbelievers of the severe punishment awaiting them on that day.
The sight of man will dazzle when seeing the horrors of the Day of Judgment; the moon will eclipse and the sun and the moon will be brought together and their light will disappear on the Day of Judgment. Thus, there will be no night nor day and the system of the universe will change. When these things happen, man will be astonished and say, ‘Whither to flee? Is there any refuge to protect me from the horrors of the Day of the Reckoning and the severe punishment of the Day of Judgment?
75:11 No! There is no refuge.
75:12 To your Lord on that day shall be the end.
Man’s hope to find a refuge to which he can flee from the punishment of Allah will fail.
No! There is no refuge for man to protect him from the horrors of the Day of Judgment. No matter how long man will remain in the life of this world, he will die; no matter how long man will stay in his grave, he will be resurrected for reckoning and recompense for his deeds. Verily, man will return to his Lord, Allah, on the Day of Judgment and he will be recompensed for all his deeds, good or evil.
75:13 Man shall be told on that day what he forwarded and deferred.
On the Day of Judgment, man will be told about all his deeds that he forwarded and deferred. He will be told about the righteous and evil deeds that he did in the worldly life and recompensed justly according to them.
Abdul Allah Ibn Abbas, may Allah have mercy on them, said, ‘75:13 Man shall be told on that day what he forwarded and deferred. Man will be told about the sins that he did and the righteous deeds that he failed to do.’
After mentioning the opinions of the scholars about the meaning of the forwarded and deferred deeds, Imam Muhammad Ibn Jarir At-Tabari said, ‘Man will be told about all his deeds in the worldly life, good or evil, and the deeds that left behind him, which people imitate him after his death, good or evil. He will also be told about the deeds that he forwarded, good or evil, and the deeds that he failed to do. Allah, Exalted be He, has not specified particular deeds to the exclusion of others. Thus, man will be told about all these deeds on the Day of Judgment.’
75:14 Nay! Man is evidence against himself,
75:15 even though he puts forth his excuses.
Nay! Man is evidence against himself and a witness against himself. He knows all evil deeds that he committed in the worldly life. Nothing will benefit and save him even if he puts forth his excuses.
The intended meaning is that man cannot flee from the consequences of his deeds no matter how hard he tries. His limbs will testify against him and his excuses will be rejected because they came too late.
Abdul Allah Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them, said, ‘75:14 Nay! Man is evidence against himself, Man’s hearing, sight, hands, feet, and all his organs will testify against him.’
Learned Lessons from Surah Al-Qiyamah Ayah 1-15
• Allah, Exalted be He, swears by the Day of Judgment to magnify it, and He also swears by the self-reproaching soul, which blames itself for not doing more righteous deeds and avoiding sins. Allah, Exalted be He, can swear by whatever thing of the creatures, but the created being can only swear by Allah.
• The relationship between the Day of Judgment and the self-reproaching soul is that the Day of Judgment will be established to reveal the conditions of the self-reproaching soul. Will it be happy or miserable?
• The Day of Judgment will certainly take place. Allah will resurrect people and bring them out from their graves for reckoning and recompense on that day.
• The disbeliever in the occurrence of the Day of Judgment keeps on sinning without fearing the evil consequences of his evil deeds.
• The landmarks of the universe will change when the Day of Judgment takes place. The moon will eclipse and the sun and the moon will brought together, and their light will disappear.
• When the Day of Judgment takes place, man will dazzle as he sees and experiences the horrors of that day.
• When the Day of Judgment takes place, man will not find any refuge that can protect him from the punishment of Allah if he disobeys His commands in the worldly life.
• All creatures will return to Allah for reckoning and recompense on the Day of Judgment, and they will be recompensed according to their deeds, good or evil.
• Man will be told about his deeds on the Day of Judgment whether they were good or evil.
• Man is a sufficient witness against himself. If he denies his wrongdoings, his limbs will testify against him, and he will find no excuse to save himself from the punishment of Allah if he disobeys the commands of Allah.
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